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Yes I know it's nowhere near quantum physics, but the basics of optics deals with light behavior and light behavior is dissected more in degree seeking courses that deal with such concepts as quanta....

Thanks for the assistance, but I have just been throwing out a few questions just to see if they can be cleared up. I will in no way use an internet forum as a primary or even secondary source of...

Adding to that ... I always hear people who finish taking ABO/NCLE tests say "Oh, my test had prism but had nothing about vergence" or "My test had surfacing questions but nothing about anatomy"
...

The ABO advanced test defies most test constructing logic. You prepare for so much information that MAY or MAY NOT be on the test. In college science courses, you buy the textbook for said class. You...

It's a substantial typo. Missing a period or comma is one thing (which the book has those too) but an axis of 189 still exists as a possible answer.

I remember seeing that typo and others in 2011...

Also, while we are on the subject of errors in "Advanced Optician's Tutorial"

On page 46, it gives an example for explaining Keratometry with a patient that has K readings of "42.50 @ 180 / 43.75...

Thanks for clearing that up for me ... I am making notes from what you told me, "it starts from an OUT position" ... And then UNCOVERING it (like the test question says) brings it back to ortho...

I'm guessing one of you will tell me I need to pay attention to the study material's, "...as the eye is uncovered..." and compare it to the question's, "...when it is uncovered..." ???

Page 51 from "Advanced Opticians Tutorial":

"This process can be repeated several times until you have correctly noted the direction of eye movement as the eye is uncovered. If the eye moves in...

Wow, that's crazy. So basically, they just cancelled each other out.

If that student's eye was to be illustrated using basic cylinder shapes ... would they resemble these cylinders that I attached...

The book says the answer is D.

Is that correct?

Some of you who own the book "Advanced Opticians Tutorial" might already know this ... But what is correct answer for this question???:

When performing the cover/uncover test, the right eye moves...

Thanks for clearing that up for me,

Is residual astigmatism discovered in the refraction only? Isn't it more common to discover K as the primary way to diagnose astigmatism? Just for hypothetical...

So I can algebraically combine to get sph. power in the principal meridian and then reverse transpose (sorry if that's not a correct term, but that's the only way I can articulate working backwards...

I have Rx:

+2.75 -2.75 X 092

What is the nominal cylinder (cyl power) located at 002 ?

Is it: +2.75? OR is it Plano?

I thought it was Plano because I thought you are supposed to...

Yes, I try doing the same thing with calculating the principal meridian, whether it's +sph with +cyl , -sph with +cyl, + sph with -cyl, or -sph with -cyl ...

It used to confuse me when I thought...

Just curious,

What does the "PV+" engraving stand for on "safety" lenses. Just had PECH do a safety job for me, SV Trivex.

On the bottom of the invoice it also has:

"PA07.0 WR15.0" -- What...

Great explanation... Thank you

So can I say this? :

When someone has text-book WTR astigmatism (let's say -1.00 -1.00 X 180 O.U.), we are ultimately trying to remedy the FLATTER(K) part of the...

I attached the picture.

Which illustration is correct for what someone would need to correct for with-the-rule astigmatism in spectacle lenses? I wrote my personal note on the right-hand side...

Thanks, that clears it up for me.

You're right sorry, I guess a better example would be -2.00 +5.00 X 090 = +3.00 - 5.00 X 180

But myopia does not have to exist in mixed astigmatism.

example: +2.00 -1.00 X180 -- MIXED ASTIGMATISM!

mixed astigmatism that in which one principal meridian is hyperopic and the other...

I attached a NEW picture to show you my interpretation of the patient "experiencing" the -2.00 and+2.00 cylinders. And from what I read, plus cylinders can be ground into lenses (although no one...

My sample Rx (yielded from transposing original PL +2.00 X 090 OU Rx) I gave in the picture:

+2.00 -2.00 X 180
+2.00 -2.00 X 180

mixed astigmatism that in which one principal meridian is...

Dioptric power = Using lens clock on front and back surface of lens

Cylinder power = Using lens clock on the principal (thicker) meridian of spherocylinder lens

Axis = Use a marker to locate...